Parkinson's Disease is a progressive and lifelong disease of the neurological system that predominantly affects movement. The most common recognizable symptoms include tremors, especially at rest, and bradykinesia (slow movement). Individuals affected by Parkinson's Disease generally present muscle rigidity and stiffness, making it difficult to move certain body parts. Gradually, individuals may also develop postural instability and thus experience increased difficulty in maintaining balance and an increased risk for falls. Other motor symptoms include a shuffling walk, difficulty performing fine motor activities such as buttoning a shirt or writing, and a decreased range of motion. Generally, there are non-motor symptoms such as depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and cognitive changes, which include problems with memory and concentration. As the disease progresses, these symptoms become more pronounced, significantly affecting everyday life and independence.

Undoubtedly, the diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease starts with a thorough neurologic examination. Because there are no definitive laboratory tests for Parkinson's Disease, the diagnosis depends on the person's symptoms, medical history, and neurological examination. The neurologist will look for key signs: tremors, bradykinesia, stiff muscles, and an unstable posture. Further testing may also be done to exclude other conditions that mimic Parkinson's Disease; however, an MRI or CT scan is not used to diagnose Parkinson's Disease. The neurologist might also assess the patient's motor skills, coordination, and gait. Sometimes, a dopamine transporter scan is performed to survey the functioning of the brain's dopamine system, which is usually impaired in Parkinson's Disease. Whatever the case, early diagnosis is scintillating in that it opens the door to treating the disease and improving the patient's quality of life.

Parkinson's Disease is a condition that does not have a cure; however, there are different ways to manage its symptoms and improve a patient's quality of life. Medical treatment forms the primary part of treatment, and levodopa is the most widely prescribed medication. In the brain, levodopa is converted into dopamine, thus restoring diminished dopamine levels that characterize Parkinson's Disease. Other drugs, i.e., dopamine agonists and MAO-B inhibitors, can also help relieve symptoms by increasing dopamine activity. For cases that do not respond to medical therapies, surgical options such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) are available. DBS consists of implanting electrodes in the brain to modulate abnormal electrical activity that is responsible for some symptoms. Equally important are physical, occupational, and speech therapies to assist individuals in staying mobile, independent, and transparent in speaking. Adjusting treatment interventions as needed and regularly evaluating their efficacy are essential to managing this progressive disorder.

Lifestyle changes can significantly impact managing symptoms of Parkinson's Disease and improve the well-being of patients. Regular exercise is one of the best lifestyle changes one can undertake. Engaging in activities specifically designed for Parkinson's Disease patients can enhance mobility, balance, and strength while reducing the risk of falls. Activities like resistance training and stretching exercises can be particularly beneficial. Physical therapy sessions can also aid in improving flexibility, posture, and gait.A healthy, balanced diet is essential for overall health, providing the right nutrients that support brain function and energy levels. Additionally, support from family, friends, and Parkinson's Disease support groups can play a vital role in helping individuals cope with the emotional and psychological effects of the disease. Furthermore, maintaining good sleep hygiene and ensuring regular sleep patterns can reduce fatigue, which is a significant concern for those with Parkinson's Disease.